What to sow when? Sowing by month
For every month you can see what to start indoors, sow directly, plant out and harvest. The overview applies to average conditions in Central Europe. The sowing calendar calculates it for your climate and plants.
Note: The dates apply to Central Europe (e.g. Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Benelux countries, Poland, northern France). In warmer regions such as the Mediterranean, many dates come earlier; in Scandinavia or at high altitude, later. Use “Climate” and “Last frost” to adjust the calendar.
Jan · Feb · Mar · Apr · May · Jun · Jul · Aug · Sep · Oct · Nov · Dec
January
| Start indoors | – |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | – |
| Plant out / set | – |
| Harvest / flowering | Brussels sprouts, Kale, Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad), Leek |
February
| Start indoors | Aubergine (eggplant), Butterhead lettuce, Celeriac, Chilli, Chives, Kohlrabi, Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Sweet pepper |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | – |
| Plant out / set | – |
| Harvest / flowering | Brussels sprouts, Kale, Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad), Leek |
March
| Start indoors | Aubergine (eggplant), Basil, Broccoli, Butterhead lettuce, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Chilli, Chives, Kohlrabi, Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Sweet pepper, Tomato, White cabbage |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | Carrot, Loose-leaf lettuce, Parsley, Parsnip, Pea, Pot marigold (calendula), Radish, Rocket (arugula), Spinach |
| Plant out / set | Onion (sets) |
| Harvest / flowering | Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad), Leek |
April
| Start indoors | Basil, Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Butterhead lettuce, Cauliflower, Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Florence fennel, Kale, Kohlrabi, Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Pumpkin / squash, Sweetcorn, Tomato, White cabbage |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | Beetroot, Carrot, Chives, Coriander (cilantro), Dill, Loose-leaf lettuce, Parsley, Parsnip, Pea, Pot marigold (calendula), Radish, Rocket (arugula), Spinach, Sunflower, Swiss chard |
| Plant out / set | Butterhead lettuce, Cauliflower, Kohlrabi, Loose-leaf lettuce, Onion (sets), Potato |
| Harvest / flowering | Chives, Radish |
May
| Start indoors | Basil, Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Butterhead lettuce, Cauliflower, Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Florence fennel, Kale, Kohlrabi, Pumpkin / squash, Sweetcorn, White cabbage |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | Beetroot, Bush bean, Carrot, Chives, Coriander (cilantro), Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Dill, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Parsley, Pea, Pot marigold (calendula), Pumpkin / squash, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Runner / pole bean, Sunflower, Sweetcorn, Swiss chard |
| Plant out / set | Aubergine (eggplant), Basil, Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Butterhead lettuce, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Chilli, Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Florence fennel, Kohlrabi, Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Potato, Pumpkin / squash, Sweet pepper, Sweetcorn, Tomato, White cabbage |
| Harvest / flowering | Butterhead lettuce, Chives, Coriander (cilantro), Kohlrabi, Loose-leaf lettuce, Parsley, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Spinach |
June
| Start indoors | Broccoli, Butterhead lettuce, Florence fennel, Kale, Kohlrabi |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | Beetroot, Bush bean, Carrot, Coriander (cilantro), Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Dill, Florence fennel, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Parsley, Pumpkin / squash, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Runner / pole bean, Sweetcorn, Swiss chard |
| Plant out / set | Aubergine (eggplant), Basil, Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Butterhead lettuce, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Chilli, Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Florence fennel, Kale, Kohlrabi, Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Pumpkin / squash, Sweet pepper, Sweetcorn, Tomato, White cabbage |
| Harvest / flowering | Basil, Butterhead lettuce, Carrot, Cauliflower, Chives, Coriander (cilantro), Dill, Garlic, Kohlrabi, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Parsley, Pea, Pot marigold (calendula), Potato, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Spinach, Strawberry (young plants), Swiss chard |
July
| Start indoors | Butterhead lettuce |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | Bush bean, Carrot, Coriander (cilantro), Dill, Florence fennel, Loose-leaf lettuce, Parsley, Radish, Rocket (arugula) |
| Plant out / set | Broccoli, Butterhead lettuce, Florence fennel, Kale, Kohlrabi, Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Strawberry (young plants) |
| Harvest / flowering | Basil, Beetroot, Broccoli, Bush bean, Butterhead lettuce, Carrot, Cauliflower, Chives, Coriander (cilantro), Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Dill, Florence fennel, Garlic, Kohlrabi, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Onion (sets), Parsley, Pea, Pot marigold (calendula), Potato, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Runner / pole bean, Strawberry (young plants), Sunflower, Swiss chard, Tomato |
August
| Start indoors | – |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | Coriander (cilantro), Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad), Loose-leaf lettuce, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Spinach |
| Plant out / set | Butterhead lettuce, Loose-leaf lettuce, Strawberry (young plants) |
| Harvest / flowering | Aubergine (eggplant), Basil, Beetroot, Broccoli, Bush bean, Butterhead lettuce, Carrot, Cauliflower, Chilli, Chives, Coriander (cilantro), Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Dill, Florence fennel, Kohlrabi, Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Onion (sets), Parsley, Pot marigold (calendula), Potato, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Runner / pole bean, Sunflower, Sweet pepper, Sweetcorn, Swiss chard, Tomato, White cabbage |
September
| Start indoors | – |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad), Radish, Rocket (arugula), Spinach |
| Plant out / set | Garlic |
| Harvest / flowering | Aubergine (eggplant), Basil, Beetroot, Broccoli, Bush bean, Butterhead lettuce, Carrot, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Chilli, Chives, Coriander (cilantro), Courgette (zucchini), Cucumber, Dill, Florence fennel, Kohlrabi, Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Parsley, Pot marigold (calendula), Potato, Pumpkin / squash, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Runner / pole bean, Sunflower, Sweet pepper, Sweetcorn, Swiss chard, Tomato, White cabbage |
October
| Start indoors | – |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | – |
| Plant out / set | Garlic |
| Harvest / flowering | Beetroot, Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Butterhead lettuce, Carrot, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Chilli, Chives, Florence fennel, Kale, Kohlrabi, Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad), Leek, Loose-leaf lettuce, Nasturtium, Parsley, Parsnip, Pot marigold (calendula), Pumpkin / squash, Radish, Rocket (arugula), Spinach, Sweet pepper, Swiss chard, Tomato, White cabbage |
November
| Start indoors | – |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | – |
| Plant out / set | – |
| Harvest / flowering | Brussels sprouts, Carrot, Celeriac, Kale, Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad), Leek, Parsley, Parsnip, Spinach, Swiss chard, White cabbage |
December
| Start indoors | – |
|---|---|
| Sow directly outdoors | – |
| Plant out / set | – |
| Harvest / flowering | Brussels sprouts, Kale, Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad), Leek, Parsnip |
Sources
- Bavarian State Research Center for Viticulture and Horticulture (LWG), Bavarian Garden Academy: vegetable garden guides (in German) – lwg.bayern.de/gartenakademie
- Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), German weather service: phenology and the “Ice Saints” (in German) – dwd.de, phenology
- Federal Centre for Nutrition (BZfE): seasonal calendar for fruit and vegetables (in German) – bzfe.de
- Seed packets and variety descriptions from seed producers – the information on the packet always takes precedence.
The dates in the calendar are typical ranges for Central Europe. Variety, location, soil and weather can shift them. As of November 2026.